180 Degrees Design + Build & coLAB studio, LLC: Walls and fences are typically used to keep people and areas separate, but at the Desert Botanical Garden an unusual series of structures actually brought people together. We combined wood, concrete, steel, stone and block to create a variety of richly textured and highly functional separators that both physically divided and visually connected open spaces.
The Garden also needed a means to separate the “front of house” from “back of house” operations at the Horticultural Center, while allowing the public some degree of access and understanding of the building’s purpose and innovation. Many less interesting designs languished on the boards until Salenger conceived a Great Wall of boulders and gabions that were not only functional, but gave garden volunteers an opportunity to get involved as well.
image © Bill Timmerman
Each “toothpick boulder” was selected for its length and character – a full 1/3 of the boulder must be buried underground in order to support its own weight. While each rock was a different height, the tops were aligned by burying the boulders at varying heights, making the end result look much more effortless than it actually was. Over 436 tons of rock were brought down from a quarry in Kingman, and it took three weeks to set the 24 boulders in place.
When the garden staff and construction crew started fondly naming the boulders endearing names like Porkchop, Sputnik, La Lengua and Little Horn, we knew that we’d helped forge a strong connection to the place. Tour guides now often point out the boulders by name as well, showing that lore and love of places isn’t just the domain of ancient history; history is happening today and will be enjoyed by future generations. Now the staff secretly call the Great Wall “HortHenge”, after the famous Neolithic earthworks of Great Britain.
“I was proud to be able to work on excavation and selection of the boulders, and to determine how to place them. The Garden was open to new ideas and had the patience with us to work it out,” says project manager and architect Dusty Bodrero, AIA. “The Center’s project changed shape many times due to budget fluctuation,” he noted, so rallying garden volunteers helped contain the cost and aligned well with how the garden prefers to maintain its grounds.
image © Bill Timmerman
Because constructing the entire Great Wall out of massive boulders was going to be cost-prohibitive, space-filling interstitial zones of gabion baskets were lined with rock from the same quarry. Garden volunteers installed PVC irrigation pockets inside the gabions to create vertical gardens that simulated desert canyon microclimates that native species could happily cling to.
Sustainability was one of the top touchstones of the project. Commercial construction can result in a lot of waste, and the 100-foot wash retaining wall was going to require a lot of wood formwork and stabilizing reinforcements. “If you can’t repurpose the formwork, it all just goes to the landfill. It’s no longer new lumber; it’s discolored, splattered with concrete, and it has holes in it,” explains 180 Degrees Design + Build Principal Architect John Anderson AIA.
We decided to salvage the lumber and give it a new life as a texture along the four- foot courtyard perimeter fence, and to face the demonstration planters in the education center. An unexpected boon came in the form of free wood. Local corporation Intel provided two truckloads of wooden pallets formerly used to ship electronics. Where some might see landfill, we saw opportunity. Garden volunteers broke the pallets down into boards, then cut them to size for use in the fence and planters.
“While Salenger was the design lead, we were brought in as a partner to share our expertise,” says Anderson. Because of our grasp of both design and building know-how, the Desert Botanical Garden realized that we’d give the project all the attention it deserved.
image © Bill Timmerman
Extra Facts:
1) The learning lab is a teaching space for lectures and laboratory work, planting workshops and general lectures.
2) Mainly agave is grown in the greenhouse. The science center has one of the largest collections of rare agave cactus collected from around the world. Although it is somewhat used for propagation, it's mainly a collective greenhouse for rare specimens.
3) For the facades, we used Polycarbonate cladding in different colors on the Learning Lab / Polycarbonate cladding in white on the West Greenhouse / Galvanized metal and copper on the Desert Conservation Lab
5) Galvanized Steel was used for the structural frame of the greenhouse.
6) The canopy covering the green house is made of a Galvanized Steel Frame with custom perforated operable aluminum louvers. Photovoltaic panels were placed on the Administration Building and with a 100KW system.
8) The large metal cylinders are used for rainwater collection. They use the natural water to water the plants inside the West Greenhouse.
9) The wood finson the Learning Lab facade were recycled from the original greenhouses and are installed on the south elevation to shade the slot windows
10) The project was designed under the principles of the Living Building Challenge but the client chose to spend the money on building sustainable features in lieu of paying for certifications from ILFI [International Living Futures Institute].
11) We had a substantial amount of repurposing or upcycling of materials that we not only used from the existing horticultural center but also from local businesses. some examples: [1] re-used greenhouse bench material as wooden shade devices on the Learning Lab [2] re-used all the concrete formwork for the site retaining walls in the decorative and security fencing [3] re-used tectum acoustical ceiling panels in the Learning Lab which were recycled from the Phoenix Children’s Museum.
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